Hârn Encyclopedia Hârnica 03

Encyclopedia Hârnica EH3

This issue we present our first Hârnic castle, an article on manors stressing fief management and economics, and the second of seven atlas maps for the Kingdom of Kaldor.

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Table Title (tr1-tr150)

Timeline				Region	Type	Event Notes
bt		tr
From	To	From	To
●	●	tr1	—	A	A	A

Seasonal Variations in income

Spring	100% of average wages
Summer	120% of average wages
Autumn	100% of average wages
Winter	80% of average wages

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Olokand (Kaldor)

• The Royal Castle in Northwest Kaldor

Manor

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The article on Hârnic manors is a new direction for us; a combination rules and environment article. In our experience, fief management is a much neglected part of fantasy role playing which players enjoy once they try it. GM's can use this article at two levels:

1. Using on the Tenant Household routine, and the index of settlements in Atlas Hârnica, the background for any character born in a rural area (most should be) can be generated right down to the level of which household the PC is from. Such character detail is always interesting to players and can be helpful to the GM, who can run through the management routine by himself, now and again, generating fate and economic worth for the PC's birthplace and household. Such events may influence the character's future options and decisions.
2. Assuming you have a PC fiefholder or manorial bailiff (how you do this is up to you), most players love to count their pennies and fief management will keep the busy doing just that while you dream up their next quest. Manorial economics are surprisingly complex; the interdependent details can be overwhelming. Our experience is that a complex "money machine" approach to fief management will not endearyou to your players. We have chosen to simplify the economics in favour of a more personal approach to tennant/lord relationships. Our players love it.

Manor Economics

Manorial economics are surprisingly complex. They can be dealt with at various levels of complexity and abstraction depending on the degree of authenticity desired by the GM and players. This system is intended to provide procedures of medium complexity that will give the feel of fief economics without being incomprehensible.

The system works by filling out budget forms each game year at harvest time; on Hârn this is around the end of Azura, the seventh month. Normally, the GM will only require budgets for manors held (or governed) by player characters. If a regular budget is required for very large holdings, although not may players will achieve this status, then it might be easier to complete the procedure for one year only with average weather and yields, and thereafter to assume that all revenues, service, etc. will stay the same, with optional yearly variations.

The Basic Procedure

We have provided two budget forms, designed to be photocopied as needed. These are the Tenant Household Form (THF) and General Budget Form (GBF). The THF records data on the tenant households in a fief; the GBF is a general assessment of the fief's welfare and is used to compute revenues, changing land use, budgeted expenditures, etc. Since this is a budgetary system, factors tend to change. Work in pencil and keep an eraser handy. Step by step procedures are given for filling out the two forms, to be done in the exact order specified below:

1. . The General Data section in GBF.
2. . The Tenant Household Form.
3. . The Revenue section in GBF
4. . The Household Budget section in GBF
5. . The Fief Budget section in GBF

General Data

1. GROSS ACRES

   The total amount of land in the fief specified in Altas Hârnica indices. This acreage will only vary if land is ceded or annexed.

2. WASTE ACRES

   The number of acres (usually swamp, heath or precipitous rockfield) that have no agricultural value and cannot (with the available technology) be made useful. Determine acreage as (3d6)% of [1].

3. WOOD ACRES

   The total acres of woodland and forest in the fief. Hunting is the most important source of meat for the lord's table. All woods are considered to be private property of the fiefholder. Determine acreage as (3d6 + 10)% of [1]. This acreage will decrease if woods were cleared in last year's fief budget.

   Option: increase woods acres 1% each year to allow for natural growth.

4. CLEARED ACRES

   The total number of cleared acres on the fief suitable for pasture and growing crops. This is equal to gross acres minus the sum of waste and wood acres. This acreage will increase if wooded acres decrease, and vice-versa.

   SUM: Cleared Acres = Gross Acres - (Waste Acres + Wood Acres)

5. LABOUR POOL (LP)

   The additional labour on the fief that is available for hire. Determine by the following formula: (Cottars x 120) + (Half-Villeins x 60) days. This calculation must wait until you have filled in the THF. The GM may wish to add 5-10% more to account for a small amount of labour available from villeins, freeholders, and migrant workers. The labour pool may change if households increase or decrease, or if the status of tenants is altered.

   Option: the GM may wish to establish a minimum labour pool (50%) because some tenants are very dependent on being hired to supplement their income. If the lord does not hire this minimum amount of labour, the welfare of his smaller tenants will suffer, which is best reflected by modifiers on the tenant fate table; cottars (-10), half-villeins (-5).

6. LAND QUALITY (LQ)

   A numerical index designed to reflect the fief's soil fertility and climate. LQ is provided in Altas Hârnica. It is generally considered a constant, or a variable that changes very slowly at GM discretion. LQ is used to modify crop yields.

7. FIEF INDEX (FI)

   A numerical index designed to reflect the quality of capital investment in the fief (roads, bridges, barns, granaries, oexen, ploughs, irrigation, etc.) which modifies revenues. The FI index should begin at 1.00 and is subject to annual change up or down. Factors which will influence the FI index are fief maintentance and fief improvement, both controlled by the lord. The GM can assign reasonable modifiers to the index to reflect the effects of plague, war, pestilence, floods, etc.

8. WEATHER INDEX (WI)

   A numerical index deisgned to reflect the effect of weather on crops during the year for which the budget is being completed. Weather may be known to the GM or randomly generated on the following table. Roll 5 times on the table (once for each month in the growing season), add the results, and divide by 5 to get the average WI.

Weather Index (WI) Table

01-20	cold wet	WI 0.50
21-40	cool wet	WI 0.75
41-60	average	WI 1.00
61-80	warm dry	WI 1.25
81-00	hot dry	WI 1.50

Tenant Households

If this is the fiefholder's first year, a household generation procedure is necessary; in subsequent years the THF will be modified by tenant fate rolls. Each line on the THF represents a single tenant household. There are sufficient lines for fifty households; if more are needed, use the second THF. The columns headed STATUS, ACRES, LABOUR [B], and KIND [C] record the "contract" between tenant and lord. The LABOUR [D] and KIND [E] columns on the right are used to to record temporary changes to the contract and miscellaneous data. Players have the option of filling in a new THF each year (recommended) or changing the existing THF as appropriate.

Household Generation

Using the number of rural freeman (RF) and Serf (SF) households specified in Atlas Hârnica indices for this fief, write this many family names in the HOUSEHOLD column, starting with rural freeman. The use of family names is optional; households can be referred to by number if desired. Ignore urban freeman (UF) households if given in the Atlas Hârnica index; very few manors will have any.

The next step is to generate the occupation of each RF household on the table below, and randomly assign the acres held by each, within the range specified. Write the occupation in the STATUS column. If an occupation is duplicated, ignore it; write "farmer" in the status column (holding the same range of acres) instead. Exception: there can be two or more Yeomen.

Household Occupation

ROLL	STATUS	ACRES
01-29	Miller	10-60
30-44	Yeoman	40-120
45-54	Priest	5-30
55-64	Salter	1-10
65-79	Metalsmith	1-10
80-89	Woodcrafter	1-10
90-97	Timberwright	1-10
98-00	Charcoaler	1-10

Except for Yeomen (see below), rural freemen pay an annual rent of 2-12d kind per acre for their land. If 2d, they also owe labour of 2 days per acre; if 3d, they also owe labour of 1 day per acre. Rents can be modified by the LQ index if desired. A miller also pays 240d kind (for milling rights) and other guildsmen pay 10-60d kind for business rights; these extra amounts are added to the normal kind/acre rent. A priest (if any) implies there is a church on the fief (probably Peonian) and he/she may live rent free (60% chance) or pay a token rent of 1d kind per acre.

Yeomen

A yeoman dies not usually owe rent for his land; he renders military service to the fiefholder. Based on the acreage held, the GM should assign the military service owed, from the table below.

Yeoman Military Service Owed

ACREAGE	MILITARY SERVICE OWED
40 - 80	Light Footman (LF)
60 - 80	Light Foot Archer (LFa)
80 - 120	Medium Footman (MF)
90 - 120	Medium Foot Archer (MFa)

Write the abbreviation given in the column [B]. There is a 10% chance that a yeoman household will also owe a token rent (1d Kind/Acre).

Serf Households

These fall into three broad classifications: Cottars who hold 1-5 acres; Half-Villeins who hold 10-20 acres, and Villeins who generally hold 25-35 acres. Most of this unfree peasantry will owe labour to the lord for their land. This is usually 60 days plus 3-5 days per acre each year. Most will also owe token kind, mainly pasture and timber rights, but also including such things as small amounts of milk, eggs, cheese, etc. The table below uses 4 days LABOUR* per acre and may be modified at GM discretion.

Serf Households

ROLL	STATUS	ACRES	LABOUR*	KIND
01-12	Cottar	1	60	4d
13-19	Cottar	3	70	5d
20-29	Cottar	5	80	6d
31-36	Half-Villein	10	100	7d
37-52	Half-Villein	15	120	8d
53-60	Half-Villein	20	140	9d
61-70	Villein	25	160	10d
71-90	Villein	30	180	11d
91-00	Villein	35	200	12d

Option: there is a 20% chance that villeins will also hold an extra 5-30 acres "freehold" on which rent of 4-12d acre is paid. If so, add the acres and kind to columns [A] and [C] for these tenants.

Totals columns [A], [B], and [C]. These are used in calculating the fief's revenues. In subsequent budgets, the tenant fate routine (following) will generate changes to tenant obligations.

Tenant Fate Table

The welfare of each tenant household is subject to change, prior to the revenue calculations each year. This table can generate permanent and temporary (valid only for one year) changes to a household's obligations. Permanent charnges are recorded in columns [D] and [E] as +/- labour or kind. Example: a permanent change in kind owed would be made in column [C]; a temporary change in kind owed (e.g. 15d more) would be noted as +15 in column [E]. Both negative and positive numbers are written in columns [D] and [E]; be careful when totalling them. If the same THF is being used from year to year, columns [D] and [E] must be erased before the tenant fate generation begins.

The tenant fate routine involves negotiation between tenant (played by the GM) and the lord. The fiefholder is at liberty to grant all, part, or none of each tenant petition. If the lord is unreasonable in his conduct (GM discretion) there is a 40% chance the tenant will take some illegal action (GM discretion). When rolling on the Tenant Fate Table, the GM should modify each roll depending on the current [WI] and [FI].

Example: if the [WI] is 1.10 (+10) and [FI] is 0.98 (-2), add 8 to each roll.

Also see LABOUR POOL option.

IDEA: This area on a fief could be used in conjunction with loyalty to the lord, a modifier to the relationship to him/her, that can be used for player event hooks. List IDEAS under each entry for the HOOK IDEA.

01-05 ECONOMIC COLLAPSE

Tenant's will suffer total social and economic collapse in 1-6 months unless the lord provides a subsidy of 20d kind per acre, with a minimum of 200d kind per household. If the lord agrees, subtract subsidy in column [E]. If not, the family ceases to exist (starvation, abandonment, of land, etc.) and is purged from the THF.

HOOK IDEA: Death of family due to starvation. Abandonment would be family fleeing to another fief, township, or turning to brigandage.

05-30 TENANT HARDSHIP

Tenant's household is experiencing some economic hardship. The tenant clanhead petitions the lord for relief. The lord has two options: [1] demand full labour/kind owed and risk economic collapse. [2] Subsidize tenant to alleviate hardship. Re-roll on sub-table. In each case the tenant asks for temporary concession or subsidy. If a tenant petition is refused, the chance of economic collapse is shown in square brackets on the right.

Tenant Subsidized Obligations

Roll	Obligation Reduction	Chance of Economic Collapse
(01-25)	50% reduction in obligations	[80%]
(26-59)	25% reduction in obligations	[50%]
(60-10)	10% reduction in obligations	[200%]

Concessions made are noted in columns [D] and [E]. The GM may wish to negotiate variations to the above petitions on behalf of the tenant. The lord has the right to demand a permanent change to the contract if he makes any concession. This might be a small reduction of tenant acres for the same obligations, or additional labour/kind for the same acres. The GM must decide if the lord's demands are reasonable, possibly 5-15% change based on the concession made. If not, the tenant would still accept, but there is a 50% chance of economic collapse.

HOOK IDEA: Depending on the lord's mercy, if the lord refuses, follow the ECONOMIC COLLAPSE hook. If the lord reduces land and makes life harder, resentment to the lord increases. If concession is reasonable, the lotalty should increase a little. Maybe depending on the level of "reasonable", the loyalty to the lord may increase even more, adding other hooks where the character may report others actions to the lord, opening up options for interactions to the lord.

31-38 HERIOT

The head of the tenant household dies. The family should pay heriot (death duty) to the lord, traditionally their best animal, but in practice a tax of 6d + 1d per acre kind. Heriot is entered in column [E].

HOOK IDEA: Change in family status for the wife, children in the family. Maybe marriage is required, or the eldest takes over the tenancy obligations. An entry point for character to start. Adding this overall, will give entry points to new player starting locations.

39-40 WARDSHIP

The tenant clanhead has died leaving a widow or minor as heir; mark "W" in the status column. During wardship, the family holding will be held in trust by the lord. Most lords exploit these situations. Reduce column [D] and [E] by amount of labour/kind owed, but also add to [E], 60d + 10d kind per acre. On subsequent budgets, roll 1d6 for each wardship household. If 5 or 6, the wardship ends (the heir has inherited, or the widow has remarried) and the holding returns to normal contract obligations (no heriot is due). If 1, the household suffers economic collapse. Otherwise, the wardship continues with the same benefits to the lord as last year.

HOOK IDEA: A widow is an opportunity for others to marry, increasing their land by combining, and allows for interactions on a political and social level. If a minor heir, this could allow for someone to sponsor an apprentice for the child? This could also be another entry point for new players, once the heir comes of age, ie. pending charcter start location. If say, a new player chooses a random character, they would take over the role of the heir character including name, family and so on.

41-70 AVERAGE YEAR

Tenant is able to meet his obligations.

HOOK IDEA: Indicator that character is meeting obligations and hence successful, even though no change to characters tenancy, their could be prospects that the lord and others see the character as worthy, trusting their actions.

71-95 TENANT PROSPERITY

Tenant has had a good year. There is an 80% chance the tenant will petition the lord for an increase in acres. Any acres granted by the lord must come from his unused acres in the last fief budget. Tenant land that has just become available due to fate rolls can not be used for this purpose because the actual timing of economic collapse, etc may really be some time in the future. Re-roll on sub-table below for specific petition.

Tenant Acreage Increase

Roll	Acre Increase
(01-40)	Increase of 05 acres.
(41-70)	Increase of 10 acres.
(71-90)	Increase of 15 acres.
(91-00)	Increase of 20 acres.

An increase in acres may result in a change of status (cottar to hal-villein, etc.); it is unlikely a fiefholder would permit any cottar more than 15 acres increase in one year. The tenant may offer labour (3-5 days per acre) or kind (4-12d per acre) for new land, most likely kind if a villein or freeholder. Changes in acres are usually permanent; change contract. In the case of serf households, the lord may counter-offer that he can give no additional acres but will accept scutage of 1-3d kind per day for a specified reduction in labour/service for this year only. Most serfs/yeomen would accept the lower rate, 50% would accept the middle rate, and 10% would accept the higher rate. If accepted, reduce labour in column [D] and add kind to [E].

HOOK IDEA: This prosperity gives the character an option to not only increase acreage, but maybe a chance to change social status as well. Maybe even change their influence with others. Need to work out how this could work, especially if a cottar has reached the maximum average acreage for that class, in that does the lord prefer to give more land, or given he has no spare unclaimed land, allow them to clear new land, or does the lord recoginise that the tenant has profited and allow them a change in status. Scutage is a payment of d instead of kind. Using the acceptance chances, make this a chance the character will succeed with this choice. The higher the chance, the more likely to succeed, this is chosen by the player and they'll know the risk of failure. If this occurs, the lord may negotiate a lower choice if failure on chance roll occurs. Which in turn, may or may not affect the loyalty and influence with the lord.

96-00 SPECIAL PETITIONS

The tenant wishes to marry his daughter off, or have his son released to seek his fortune, etc. The tenant offers 10-60d kind for this priviledge. If the petition is granted, add the offering to column [E]. There is a 10% chance that any serf tenant will seek freehold status, offering 100-300d kind for this right. If accepted, add offering to column [E], cancel labour, and generate kind owed at 4-2d per acre on the contract.

HOOK IDEA: Given the option to change status for Serfs, need to figure the chances a lord would allow a change, maybe this can be controlled by the characters loyalty, popularity, family reputation and how many years the family has been subjects to the lord. Maybe an even smaller chance that other classes can change status as well? This option may also be manipulated by the player and instead of a status change, request a option not normally allowed to the social class.

Expand on the last two options, and explore options.

New Households

Once the fate of all existing households has been determined, a check should now be made to see if there are any potential new households available. There is a 5% chance of 1-3 new households, although the GM may wish to increase this chance to take into consideration nearby events likely to create refugee immigrants, etc. If there are any potential new households, there is a 70% chance they will seek serf status. The GM should first determine the number of acres they seek and obligations they will pay (use THF initialisation procedure). Offers are then made to the lord, who can grant, counter-offer, or deny them as he wishes. New households accepted by the lord are added to the THF.

HOOK IDEA: This option is where potential new players can enter a manor at a given class. Chances are 70% for freehold and 30% for serf status. Given that, what are the options, and chance of acceptance.

Updating the THF

Add up columns [D] and [E]. This will give a plus/minus in temporary changes to labour/kind. Add up columns [A], [B], and [C] to get new totals in contract acres, labour, and kind. Columns [B] snf [C] will be modified by columns [D] and [E] when revenues of the fief are being calculated.

HOOK IDEA: Given that NPCs have a baby, the time in which it takes that baby to grow to inheritance status, this could be another opening for a player to take over that family an continue the family over time.

Revenues

This section of the General Budget Form is used to compute the revenues of the fief. Revenues are determined by the fiefholder's land use plan from the previous budget and the current THF. A line by line description of how to compute various revenues follows. However, if this is a fiefholder's first year, the revenue section is ignored. Proceed directly to line [6]. There are many abstractions inherent in the revenue calculations, but they are all based on realistic data.

1. TENANT ACRES

   This is the acreage used by the tenants to grow crops and graze their livestock, mostly sheep, goats and oxen. Fill in the acres, labour, and kind columns, taken from the updated THF (columns [A], [B], and [C]) modified as necessary by columns [D] and [E]. The labour total is really "deferred income", available to the lord over the next year; the kind total represents rents, crop shares, rights, etc. paid now. LQ, FI, and WI indices do not alter these revenues.

2. DEMENSE CROPLAND

   The number of acres (line 4 of last fief budget) planted by the lord for his own use and now being harvested. Demense cropland produces revenue in kind of: Acres x 60d x LQ X FI x WI.

3. DEMENSE PASTURE

   The number of acres (line 5 of last fief budget) used to graze the lord's livestock, mainly sheep. Revenue is the yield in hay, wool, and animals: Acres x 25d x LQ x FI. Weather is not a modifier.

4. WOODS

   These are acres of woodland and forest presently in the fief. The acreage is equal to line [3] in the General Data section. Revenue is measured in kind and reflects the value of timber, hunting, pig grazing berries, etc to the lord. Revenue is 5d per acre with no modifiers. Option: vary revenue 2-8d per acre.

5. FREE IMPORTS

   This line is used to record an free imports of labour/kind not yet accounted for. This category includes revenues such as tribute from vassal fiefs and aids received if measured in kind. Free labour is not likely unless the fiefholder has slaves or receives free labour from a nearby vassal who has surplus labour to offer his liege. To determine if there are vassal fiefs, check the Atlas Hârnic indices and search for settlements naming this manor as leige. Vassal manors held directly (managed by bailiffs) will generally contribute 30-40% of their gross revenue; vassal manors held by knights may only owe military service plus 5-10% of their gross revenue reflect aids, tribute, etc. Theoretically, budgets for vassal fief;s should be handled by the player (if held directly) and by the GM if not. If this is more than you care to handle, compute vassal kind payments as their Gross Acres x 3 x LQ (held directly) and Gross Acres x 0.5 x LQ (held by knight). Villages (always "held" by Reeves) are best handled by adding their gross acreages and households to that of the fiefholder's manor and running a collective THF and GBF.

6. GROSS REVENUE

   The sum of labour/kind revenues (lines 1 to 5). If this is the fiefholder's first year, labour is the total labour in the THF; kind is Gross Acres x 10d.

7. FROM STORAGE

   The amount of kind that is still in storage from last year. It is equal to line [15] from the last year's fief budget, reduced by (2d6)% of line [8] of last year's revenues. This reduction reflects spoilage and miscellaneous unforseen consumption. If the storage is now a negative number, this implies the fiefholder ran short of kind before the harvest and was forced to consume his livestock, seed, etc. to survive. Raise the storage to zero, but deduct 2d kind for each d kind shortfall from the gross revenue. Option: the GM may allow the fiefholder to balance negative storage by cash purchase of kind. If this is the fiefholder's first year, enter "From Storage" as Gorss Acres x 1d.

8. TOTAL LABOUR/KIND

   The total labour/kind (lines 6 + 7) available for distribution in the fief and household budget.

HOOK IDEA: This portion of the game is run by a lord, reeve, bailiff, knight, etc. And would be the way in which the second tier of player gaming will be controlled from. Consider this as if playing an usual RTS (Knights of Honor, Crusader Kings II, etc.) from a Shire, Hundred, or even Kingdom level.

Household Budget

The Household Budget of the fiefholder should now be filled out on the GBF. This will calculate the cost to operate the household for the upcoming year. Costs are measured in kind and includes salaries, food, shelter, clothing supplies, and servants or apprentices. The table below indicates the annual cost (kind) for individual household members. If more than one is required, multiply the costs shown by the number individuals required. Very few fiefholders will be able to support the full slate of possible householders, at least not on manor revenues. Some raise the quality of life on the manor, somem are cost efficient if the household and manor are large enough. Total kindis deducted from the FIEF BUDGET on line [1].

Annual Cost for individual Household Members

HOUSEHOLDER	KIND	BENEFIT
Fiefholder	3000	Necessary
Warhorse	1800	Necessary (if Knight)
Spouce	1500	Offspring, etc.
Offspring	1000	Heirs, etc.
Bailiff	2000	(See: note 1)
Sergeant/Arms	1000	Bodyguard, etc.
Mercenaries	800	Defence
Clothier	900	15% Total Household Kind
Herald	1200	Ambassador, etc.
Harper	600	Entertainment
Hideworker	900	+10% Pasture Revenue
Mason	1500	(See: note 2)
Ostler	1300	-50% Warhorse Kind
Physician	1200	Better Health
Priest	1400	Spiritual Comfort
Weaponcrafter	1800	-20% Total Household Kind

INSERT TABLE

Roll	Acre Increase
(01-40)	Increase of 05 acres.
(41-70)	Increase of 10 acres.
(71-90)	Increase of 15 acres.
(91-00)	Increase of 20 acres.

NOTE 1. Necessary to run the fief when the fiefholder is absent. If there is no bailiff, reduce gross revenues of fief by 5% for each month's absence. A spouce or elder offspring may act as bailiff for no additional expense.

NOTE 2. A mason will reduce labour and kind outlay for fief maintenance and improvement by 25%.

OPTIONS:

(1) the fiefholder may substitute 1d kind with one day labour, up to a maximum of 20% total kind. This reflects the lord utilizing suitable tenant labour for servants, etc.

(2) Deduct 25% from total kind, paying this amount as cash from the privy purse. This reflects that some householders would receive a cash stipend.

HOOK IDEA: New players could be a retailer at lord's Household, such as Guard/Mercenary, Mason, Weaponcrafter, Bailiff (raise up and earn from village), Hideworker, and so on. Note: If a professional is in local village, the Guilds will NOT allow a master at household due to the fact one must use the guilded local person. This could be another avenue for the player to raise in status and gain a Guilded profession status over time as part of their service to the lord. However, one must (mostly) be favourable to the lord for this to occur.

Fief Budget

The fiefholder must now decide how to distribute the total labour/kind available to him. This important procedure will determine, to a large degree, the fief's welfare and revenues next year. Labour/kind outlays are entered in their appropriate columns.

1. HOUSEHOLD

   This line records the lord's planned expenditures on his own household over the coming year. If not already done, fill out the lord's household budget now, and transfer the totals in kind necessary to this line.

2. MAINTENANCE

   This line is used to record necessary expenditures in labour/kind to maintain the lord's fief at it's present FI index level. This amount is Gross Acres x FI x 0.5 labour, and Gross Acres x FI kind. Failure to budget for the required maintenance will result in an automatic drop in FI of .05 (e.g. 1.00 to 0.95) applicable next year.

   Option: allow partial maintenance; 80% and drop FI 0.01, 60% and drop 0.02, 40% and drop 0.03, 20% and drop 0.04.

3. DEMENSE ACRES

   The total amount of acres in the lord's demense. This acreage is equal to Cleared Acres minus Tenant Acres. The lord must now decide how to divide these acres between cropland, pasture, and unused acres, depending on labour and kind available.

4. CROPLAND

   The total demense acres planted with crops. The maximum acreage is 40% of line [3] to allow for minimum pasture and fallow land. The oulay is 15 days (labour) and 25d (kind) per acre. Kind expenditure reflects seed, ploughs, oxen, etc.

5. PASTURE

   The total demense acres of pasture for grazing livestock. The minimum pasture acreage is 20% of line [3]; there is no maximum, other than the size of the demense. The outlay is 5 days (labour) and 10d (kind) per acre. Kind expenditure reflects mainly livestock expenses.

6. UNUSED

   The balance of demense arces not used for cropland or pasture. Theoretically, such land would be fallow and available for pasture, but since no labour/kind is expended on it, it produces no revenue. Unused acres generally result fro mlabour shortages, which are quite common on Hârn.

7. FREE EXPORTS

   The amount of labour and kind given to a leige (see: REVENUE [5]) for which no payment is received. This will be mainly aids, tribute, gifts, etc. If this is the fiefholder's first yeat, calculate as 30% gross revenue (Bailiff) or 5% gross revenue (Knight).

8. BASIC OUTLAY

   The labour and kind outlay in lines 1 through 7.

9. SURPLUS (DEFICIT)

   The basic surplus or deficit of labour and kind. Subtract line 8 from REVENUE 8. Negative numbers (deficits) should be bracketed. The budgeted expenditures which follow are all optional, but may be necessary to balance the budget.

10. LABOUR HIRED

    The amount of labour hired from the fief labour pool. This is measured in days and entered in the labour column. The cost of hiring labour is 1d kind per day. There may be a minimum amount of labour that the fiefholder must hire (GM discretion) if he wishes to avoid economic problems with his cottars and half-villeins; both depend on selling their extra labour to survive.

11. WOODS CLEARED

    The amount of woods acres to be cleared before next budget. The outlay per acre is 100 days (labour) and 10d (kind). Write the acres cleared in the acres column and labour/kind expended in their own columns. Remember to change woods acres and cleared acres in next year's General Data.

12. FIEF IMPROVEMENT

    The FI index can be increased by an expenditure of labour and kind. To increase FI by .01, expend:

    LABOUR: Gross Acres x FI x 0.1

    KIND: Gross Acres x FI x 0.2.

    There is a maximum increase of 5 points (.05) in any one year.

13. EXPORTS/IMPORTS

    Kind sold to raise cash income for the fiefholder's privy purse, or kind purchased to balance the budget, offset a poor harvest, etc. Prices are dependent on weather (which affects regional yields), the basic wholesale selling price of 50% kind value, and basic retail buying price of 100% kind value.

    EXPORTS: KIND x 0.50 ÷ WI

    IMPORTS: KIND x 1.00 ÷ WI

    Example: fiefholder wishes to export (sell) 1000d kind. If the current [WI] is 0.90, cash received would be:

    1000 x 0.5 ÷ 0.9 = 556d

14. OPTIONAL OUTLAY

    The total of lines 10 to 13. Note: labour hired and kind imported (if any) are both positive amounts.

15. STORAGE

    The net storage of kind (line 9 minus line 14) the lord wishes to keep in reserve. Surplus labour at this point has no value and cannot be "stored". Deficits in labour and kind are not allowed. Storage will be modified by the GM and added to gross revenues next year to determine the total kind available for distribution at that time. The wise fiefholder will keep a reserve storage of at least 50% average gross revenues to minimize the calamity of a poor harvest at that time.

16. PRIVY PURSE

    The amount of cash held by the fiefholder. This amount is equal to the privy purse last year, plus cash revenue, minus cash expenses. The GM has the option of restricting the privy purse to fief transactions only, or allowing other sources of cash income and expenses to be included. If this is the fiefholder's first year, a privy purse of d per Gross Acre, plus cash income, less cash expenses is appropriate.

HOOK IDEA: Pasture, Cropland, etc. are calculated in Seloins (furrows etc.) broken up into Acres for each person. Using MMS: WE, we can add some variety such as Waste which includes roads, trails, and so on. Flesh out claimable land for a Manor, and a comprehensive breakdown of all components. Using the initial idea of an Area Polygon, the outline is the total Acreage, then inside this is the strips. A system is required to makeup the other elements, Gross Acres, Waste Acres, Wood/Forest Acres, Cleared Acres, and so on are seperated into Tenant Acres, Demense Acres, Demense Pasture, and Woods which become apart of Cleared Acres each year.

NOTE: This is the Manor maximum of it's makeup, a player Lord will influence and modify their manor to include each element they desire at the cost of others. Once done, it may be hard to return it, ie. no forest, no deer or wood, and so on. A player will then need to import (either purchase or from their underlings as tributes/taxes/income) all the resources they cannot produce locally. This is where the beauty of the system comes into play. Each lord will need to stratagise how to obtain each resource and opens up player gaming choices, especially if one is a mercentyler, ship comander, and so on. Add to this, a system that creates Hundreds, builds these upto create a shire/Petty Kingdom, and then join others together to form Nations. These create a player economic challenge and allows for other interactions, how many Military Units (Knights etc) they can support, people they can feed, and how much money depends on their skill at balacing the above in their Manor.

When things like WOODS CLEARED occur, these should be seen in realtime, unfolding in front of people in the area of the event, just as fields growing crops or orchards growing and bearing fruit. Add other ways in which realtime events should be seen and the days roll by.

TENANT HOUSEHOLD FORM

Tenant Household Form

Tenant Household Form		FIEF			YEAR
FREEMAN	VILLIENS	HALF-VILLEINS		COTTARS

HOUSEHOLDER	STATUS	[A] ACRES	[B] LABOUR	[C] KIND	[D] LABOUR	[E] KIND
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

INSERT TABLE

Roll	Acre Increase
(01-40)	Increase of 05 acres.
(41-70)	Increase of 10 acres.
(71-90)	Increase of 15 acres.
(91-00)	Increase of 20 acres.

GENERAL BUDGET FORM

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Atlas Hârnica

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Notes

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