Military Ranks Feudal Hierarchy - Revision history

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Shealladh at 08:27, 22 November 2015

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-The ultimate feudal rank was '''Emperor''', but this was also anomalous. The original Emperor, the [http://www.friesian.com/romania.htm Roman Emperor], resided in Constantinople during the Middle Ages. Rome had rejected Kings. Julius Caesar refused a crown. [[File:crowns-0.gif|right|Sanctified Emperor Augustus World]]So Augustus was merely the ''imperator'', i.e. "commander." In Mediaeval [http://www.friesian.com/decdenc1.htm Romania], some level of cash economy remained, and the device of conferring land for livings was at first restricted to soldiers who would till the land themselves, not conferred on a nobility that could become disloyal. [[File:emperor.gif|left|emperor]]The Emperor was the only sovereign -- the [[File:basileus.gif|basileus]] and [[File:autokrat.gif|autokrat]]. Since ''basileus'' had been the Classical Greek word for "king," Latin ''rex'' was adopted, as [[File:rex.gif|rex]], for Mediaeval Greek [[#Feudal Hierarchy, Note|[Note]]]. The Emperor was the "Equal to the Apostles" ([[File:isapostl.gif|isapostl]], ''isapóstolos'') and thus had a traditional role in the governance of the Church ("Caesaro-Papism"). For instance, it was the Emperor who called Church Councils. Members of the Imperial Family are always portrayed with halos, like the Saints. This exalted status for the Emperor was never found in Western Europe, though the Emperor Sigismund did call [[File:empress.gif|right|Empress]]the Council of Constance (1414-1418) to end the Great Schism -- which he was able to do since there were three rival Popes; later Popes denied that the Emperors had such a power inherently. This and other innovations in Papal claims, including assertions of secular authority, mean that the term "Caesaro-Papism" might be better applied to the Papacy, which assumed imperial pretentions, rather than to the Emperors, whether in Constantinople or in Germany, who exercised no eccelesiastical authority beyond what Constantine had.[[File:crowns-1.gif|left|Sanctified Caesar Tsar Kaiser "World"]]
+The ultimate feudal rank was '''Emperor''', but this was also anomalous. The original Emperor, the [http://www.friesian.com/romania.htm Roman Emperor], resided in Constantinople during the Middle Ages. Rome had rejected Kings. Julius Caesar refused a crown. [[File:crowns-0.gif|right|Sanctified Emperor Augustus World]]So Augustus was merely the ''imperator'', i.e. "commander." In Mediaeval [http://www.friesian.com/decdenc1.htm Romania], some level of cash economy remained, and the device of conferring land for livings was at first restricted to soldiers who would till the land themselves, not conferred on a nobility that could become disloyal. [[File:emperor.gif|left|emperor]]The Emperor was the only sovereign -- the [[File:basileus.gif|link= |basileus]] and [[File:autokrat.gif|autokrat]]. Since ''basileus'' had been the Classical Greek word for "king," Latin ''rex'' was adopted, as [[File:rex.gif|rex]], for Mediaeval Greek [[#Feudal Hierarchy, Note|[Note]]]. The Emperor was the "Equal to the Apostles" ([[File:isapostl.gif|isapostl]], ''isapóstolos'') and thus had a traditional role in the governance of the Church ("Caesaro-Papism"). For instance, it was the Emperor who called Church Councils. Members of the Imperial Family are always portrayed with halos, like the Saints. This exalted status for the Emperor was never found in Western Europe, though the Emperor Sigismund did call [[File:empress.gif|right|Empress]]the Council of Constance (1414-1418) to end the Great Schism -- which he was able to do since there were three rival Popes; later Popes denied that the Emperors had such a power inherently. This and other innovations in Papal claims, including assertions of secular authority, mean that the term "Caesaro-Papism" might be better applied to the Papacy, which assumed imperial pretentions, rather than to the Emperors, whether in Constantinople or in Germany, who exercised no eccelesiastical authority beyond what Constantine had.[[File:crowns-1.gif|left|Sanctified Caesar Tsar Kaiser "World"]]
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 ==Feudal Hierarchy, Note 2 Monarchical Acclamations==
-In the history of monarchy, we find distinctive acclamations, cheers, shouts, or "wish formulae" used to greet, proclaim, or celebrate rulers. The most familiar of these may be the term ''banzai'', part of ''Tennô heika banzai'', [[File:emperor2.gif]] [[File:steps.gif]] [[File:low.gif]] [[File:banzai.gif]], used for the [http://www.friesian.com/sangoku.htm#japan Japanese Emperors] (with ''Tennô heika'' no more than reduplicative terms for "emperor"). This is based on the expression [[File:banzai.gif]] used for the [http://www.friesian.com/sangoku.htm#ch'in Chinese Emperors], which means "10,000 years," i.e. as long as we would like the Present Emperor to reign. The formula in its modern form was officially adopted in Japan in the [http://www.friesian.com/sangoku.htm#modern Meiji Period]. Much, much older is the formula for the [http://www.friesian.com/notes/newking.htm#pharaoh Kings of Egypt], [[File:LHP.gif]], "Life, Prosperity, Health!"
+In the history of monarchy, we find distinctive acclamations, cheers, shouts, or "wish formulae" used to greet, proclaim, or celebrate rulers. The most familiar of these may be the term ''banzai'', part of ''Tennô heika banzai'', [[File:emperor2.gif|link= ]] [[File:steps.gif|link= ]] [[File:low.gif|link= ]] [[File:banzai.gif|link= ]], used for the [http://www.friesian.com/sangoku.htm#japan Japanese Emperors] (with ''Tennô heika'' no more than reduplicative terms for "emperor"). This is based on the expression [[File:banzai.gif]] used for the [http://www.friesian.com/sangoku.htm#ch'in Chinese Emperors], which means "10,000 years," i.e. as long as we would like the Present Emperor to reign. The formula in its modern form was officially adopted in Japan in the [http://www.friesian.com/sangoku.htm#modern Meiji Period]. Much, much older is the formula for the [http://www.friesian.com/notes/newking.htm#pharaoh Kings of Egypt], [[File:LHP.gif]], "Life, Prosperity, Health!"

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 ==Feudal Hierarchy, Note 2 Monarchical Acclamations==
 In the history of monarchy, we find distinctive acclamations, cheers, shouts, or "wish formulae" used to greet, proclaim, or celebrate rulers. The most familiar of these may be the term ''banzai'', part of ''Tennô heika banzai'', [[File:emperor2.gif]] [[File:steps.gif]] [[File:low.gif]] [[File:banzai.gif]], used for the [http://www.friesian.com/sangoku.htm#japan Japanese Emperors] (with ''Tennô heika'' no more than reduplicative terms for "emperor"). This is based on the expression [[File:banzai.gif]] used for the [http://www.friesian.com/sangoku.htm#ch'in Chinese Emperors], which means "10,000 years," i.e. as long as we would like the Present Emperor to reign. The formula in its modern form was officially adopted in Japan in the [http://www.friesian.com/sangoku.htm#modern Meiji Period]. Much, much older is the formula for the [http://www.friesian.com/notes/newking.htm#pharaoh Kings of Egypt], [[File:LHP.gif]], "Life, Prosperity, Health!"
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-aaa
+In the English language tradition, about the best we can do is, "Hip, hip, horray!" or the obsolete "Huzzah!" which have no discernible cognitive content. Mercifully, the American [http://www.friesian.com/presiden.htm President] is never greeted with the wish that he govern for many years. With the [http://www.friesian.com/perifran.htm#hanover Queen of England], on the other hand, we express more concern for her soul than her reign, with "God Save the Queen." Since this is the title of the [http://www.friesian.com/history/anthems.htm#godsave national anthem] (which does express a desire for a long reign), it is not clear how often the Queen is actually greeted with "God Save the Queen." Toasts at banquets are liable to feature a "call" of "The Queen," and then a response of "The Queen" and/or "Here, here!"
-[[File:a.gif]]
-aaa
-−
-−
 In the English language tradition, about the best we can do is, "Hip, hip, horray!" or the obsolete "Huzzah!" which have no discernible cognitive content. Mercifully, the American President is never greeted with the wish that he govern for many years. With the Queen of England, on the other hand, we express more concern for her soul than her reign, with "God Save the Queen." Since this is the title of the national anthem (which does express a desire for a long reign), it is not clear how often the Queen is actually greeted with "God Save the Queen." Toasts at banquets are liable to feature a "call" of "The Queen," and then a response of "The Queen" and/or "Here, here!"
-The old Roman acclamation survives in the liturgy of the Greek and other Orthodox Churches as the polychronion, "much time" or "long lived," which consists of verses that express a wish for long life for Church prelates and/or secular authorities. This ends with , eis pollà étê, "unto many years," which is recognizable from the acclamations in De Ceremoniis. It is also said to translate Latin in multo annos, or ad multo annos.
+The old Roman acclamation survives in the liturgy of the Greek and other Orthodox Churches as the ''polychronion'', "much time" or "long lived," which consists of verses that express a wish for long life for Church prelates and/or secular authorities. This ends with [[File:greek-13.gif]], ''eis pollà étê'', "unto many years," which is recognizable from the acclamations in ''De Ceremoniis''. It is also said to translate Latin ''in multo annos'', or ''ad multo annos''.

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:01, 22 November 2015
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−	[[File:crowns-0.gif\|right\|Sanctified Emperor Augustus World]]With the Roman Emperors in Constantinople, we get a similar tradition, which we know about from ''De Ceremoniis'' again, as in the [[#note-4\|previous note]]. In Mediaeval Greek an acclamation is the [[File:acclaim.gif]], ''euphemía'' (cf. "euphemism"), with the opposite, of disapprobation, [[File:disaprob.gif]], ''dysphemía'', which was used to call for the overthrow of Emperors who are judged "unworthy," [[File:unworthy.gif]], ''anáxios''. We see at the Coronation of an Emperor [Book I, Chapter 38, p.195] and elsewhere, this has two parts, with a "call-and-response" format. A "cheerleader" or ''kráktês'' begins with [[File:greek-11.gif]], ''pollà, pollà, pollá'', "many, many, many," and then the "people," ''laós'', answer, [[File:greek-12.gif]], ''pollà étê eis pollá'', "many years upon many." The Japanese ''banzai'' is also often given with a "cheerleader" who initiates the acclamation with ''Tennô heika'', "The Emperor," followed by the people, the crowd, or the soldiers shouting, with arms raised, ''Banzai''.	+	[[File:crowns-0.gif\|right\|Sanctified Emperor Augustus World]]With the Roman Emperors in Constantinople, we get a similar tradition, which we know about from ''De Ceremoniis'' again, as in the [http://www.friesian.com/rank.htm#note-4 previous note]. In Mediaeval Greek an acclamation is the [[File:acclaim.gif]], ''euphemía'' (cf. "euphemism"), with the opposite, of disapprobation, [[File:disaprob.gif]], ''dysphemía'', which was used to call for the overthrow of Emperors who are judged "unworthy," [[File:unworthy.gif]], ''anáxios''. We see at the Coronation of an Emperor [Book I, Chapter 38, p.195] and elsewhere, this has two parts, with a "call-and-response" format. A "cheerleader" or ''kráktês'' begins with [[File:greek-11.gif]], ''pollà, pollà, pollá'', "many, many, many," and then the "people," ''laós'', answer, [[File:greek-12.gif]], ''pollà étê eis pollá'', "many years upon many." The Japanese ''banzai'' is also often given with a "cheerleader" who initiates the acclamation with ''Tennô heika'', "The Emperor," followed by the people, the crowd, or the soldiers shouting, with arms raised, ''Banzai''.